Online Identity Theft - 1414 Words

Online Identity Theft What is identity? The word itself can have so many connotations, definitions, and subjects tied to it. However, the most basic definition of our identity would be the qualities, beliefs, and baggage that make up each person. An identity is something that each of us have a claim to from the moment we are born to even past our death. Through the recent technology surges however, our most basic claim is now threatened. We have all heard about crime on the streets but with the creation of social networking websites, online shopping, and just interaction websites we are making ourselves vulnerable to a new type of crime: online identity theft. Identity theft is the term for the criminal act of stealing your personal†¦show more content†¦When a data breach occurs there is no way to stop your information from getting out there, nor from identity thieves from taking this information and putting it to their own use. While the other two fraud methods introduced w ere avoidable, this one is just based on luck. However more than not, the odds are in favor of the breach. These are not the only methods which online thieves use however the are the most common and growing increasingly at a startling rate. Although some of these are avoidable, as thieves become more skilled soon there will be no way of protecting ourselves. However, if we begin now through the careful use of censorship, online identity theft can be stopped in it tracks. How can we use censorship to protect ourselves? People often pause at the word censorship. We often come to think of it as squelching our rights, or placing a limit on our freedom of expression. However, in reflect of recent arising issues, censorship is the smartest and most reliable form to protect ourselves. Although censorship of certain websites may protect us, as the threat becomes greater, we must go to greater lengths. In response to peer to peer sharing, by placing censorship on these types of websites, we can protect up to 22 million users from harmful theft. Although peer to peer file sharing is important to many people, there are many other methods which can keep you protected and get the job done just as well. These include email, usb methods, andShow MoreRelatedOnline Fraud and Identity Theft3653 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction: Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes statistically according to the Federal Trade Commission. Roughly 27.3 million Americans have fallen victim to this form of theft/fraud. According to last year the loss of money for businesses and financial institutions are in the billions and with consumers out of pocket expenses has been about 5 billion dollars. Identity theft refers to crimes in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another persons personal data (i.e., nameRead MoreIdentifying The Different Ways Online Identity Theft1462 Words   |  6 Pages Identify and discuss the different ways online identity theft can be achieved by a cybercriminal Identity theft is when your personal details are stolen. Identity theft occurs when someone steals your personal information with the intention to access bank accounts for example, or commit many other crimes in your name and at your expense. Identity theft is a growing threat in the uk which is increasing at a rapid rate. It is said that it could be one of the leading threats in the coming years. AnalysisRead MoreWays Of Protecting Your Child From Identity Theft Online1758 Words   |  8 PagesWays to Protect Your Child From Identity Theft Online Father s Day and Mother’s day are not only boons to the greeting card business - for most parents they offer a welcome break, an opportunity to sleep in and just take everything easy, and spend some time thinking about... child ID theft. Huh? Alright, perhaps you are not kicking back in your down-time and deeply thinking about the advanced points of child ID theft. But if you have not been very keen with the ever growing number of horror storiesRead MoreBullying, Online Predatory Action And Identity Theft1285 Words   |  6 Pages teacher need to be more aware and have more knowledge on cyber safety. Cyber safety includes many elements including; bullying, online predatory action and identity theft. With the rise of technology online bullying is becoming an ever-growing problem. This is because it not only allows for a student to be bullied at school, but can also be taken home as well. Online bullying can have many negative effects including; depression, anxiety and fear. Teachers need to be prepared on how to effectivelyRead MoreTechnology and Identity Theft1176 Words   |  5 Pagessociety’s information online, which is the reason why a vast majority of society feels ok to submit their personal information onl ine and stay private. Nonetheless, there are still criminals in society who have also progressed along with technology to survive in today’s society as criminals. People are now capable of becoming victims of crimes through the internet. Identity theft has been on the rise in the united states for multiple reason, but one of the biggest reasons identity theft is one of the fastestRead MoreIdentity Theft and Possible Risk in Technology1713 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity Theft and Possible Risk in Technology Identity theft has been a major issue of privacy and fraud. In the data breach analysis from the Identity Theft Resource Center (2013), the number of data breaches from the year 2005 to 2012 increased. In 2012, there had been 49% where the data breach exposed people Social Security Number. The data breach of 2012 has a rate of 27.4% caused by hackers. These breaches were commonly from 36.4% businesses and 34.7% health and medical (Identity Theft ResourceRead MoreCyber Crime: Preventing the Horrific Crimes on the Inernet1649 Words   |  7 PagesCrimes on the Internet Cyber Crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking is a growing problem which can be prevented by taking the proper precautions. I. Background II. Cyber fraud A. Fraud sites 1. Free trials sites 2. Craigslist B. Preventing fraud 1. Personal information 2. Credit cards III. Identity theft A. Identity theft sites 1. Stealing information 2. Craigslist B. Preventing Identity theft 1. Who to give information to IV. Cyber Stalking Read MoreEssay On Social Media1377 Words   |  6 Pagessocial media as a way to advertise businesses and events. Others use it as a means of entertainment and information. The Merriam-Webster dictionary states the definition of social media as â€Å"forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content† (Merriam-Webster, 2017). Whichever way people decide to use their social media account their personal information is shared one way or another. Any information on the internetRead MoreIs Identity Theft Or Having Credit Card Or Banking Information Stolen?1352 Words   |  6 Pagesto push an agenda, there are many hackers and cyber criminals that utilize their skills illegally for monetary gain. Many of us have most of our bills and finances online, and we utilize the internet to track and manage these types of accounts. While there may be no way to revert to the days of paper accounting, the idea of identity theft or having credit card or banking information stolen has many people fearful of having their information on the internet. While there may be no guaranteed method ofRead MoreIdentity Theft Is Not A New Type Of Crime776 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster defines identity theft as the illegal use of someone else s personal identifying information (such as a Social Security number) in order to get money or credit. The United States Department of Justice says identity theft is, â€Å"The short answer is that identity theft is a crime. Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically

The Human Development Index And Gini Coefficient - 1270 Words

Despite the fact that Brazil’s Gross Domestic Product is one of the highest globally, Brazil still faces developmental issues in their economy. As Stiglitz has mentioned prior to his overall research, it is clear to see that Brazil has benefited tremendously from globalization . With a GDP of $2.346 trillion , this shows the output of goods and services have helped the country bring in more revenue to help stabilization. Although there is an increase in GDP, both the Human Development Index and Gini coefficient is still at an all-time low despite the growth. Brazil’s HDI is ranked seventy-five compared to other states (which shows that money is not being distributed in the proper places because corruption is a still a major issue); the Gini coefficient is another factor of corruption (52.9 ). Since the GDP is $2.346, you would expect for the income of the individuals (the Gini coefficient) to be just as high, but in this region, wealth is not being distributed evenly. In this paper you will see how the transformation from Mercantilism to Capitalism has effected Brazil, including the extent of government involvement in the economy. As an illustration, Brazil has had the chance to jump on the boat in comparison to China, and India as a result of development as mentioned by Collier . As for the notion of the resource curse, Brazil is not effected much by it now as compared to previous years before. For example, in the mid-17th century when Brazil was the leading distributorShow MoreRelatedMeasuring Economic Participation and Social Protection1300 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, where women were and continue to be treated inferior to men and were downgraded to do domestic work. Although there have been several reforms in trying to lower inequality against women because of the now-known great importance to the development of society, it still, nonetheless plagues our society. The promotion of gender equality is co-existent with social protection and th e first step to combating gender inequality, while simultaneously combating problems related to poverty and educationRead MoreSources Of Economic Growth And Social Justice Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pages(1) illustrates the development of per-capita income through the first decade of 21th century and it shows that per-capita income growth rates were, in most, negative during the first half of the first decade of 21st century; and then, these negative rates turn to be positive during the second half, which indicates improvement in the level of economic activity during this half of the decade. Figure 1: Per-Capita Income Growth Rates Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators databaseRead MoreComparing Standard of Living and Quality of Life Between Countries Using GDP833 Words   |  4 Pagesindicators, which can be used together to give a good idea of a countries’ SoL. Reasons for GDP figures alone giving an incomplete understanding of SoL in a country will be explained in this essay, along with problems faced when comparing levels of development between countries. Raw GDP figures give a very poor and non-comparable indication of a countries’ SoL if they do not take into account the size of a nation’s population. Real GDP per capita (Real GDP/population) is a much better measure whenRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between China And Australia1236 Words   |  5 Pagesgrown. Inequality Inequality is the unequal distribution of income in a society, measured by the Gini-coefficient. The Gini index is a number between 0 and 1, based on net income and defines the gap between rich and poor. 0 represents perfect equality, while 1 represents perfect inequality. In 2015, China’s Gini co-efficient was .46, while Australia’s was .33. The difference between the two Gini index numbers, is that China’s is decreasing, while Australia’s is actually increasing. While trying toRead MoreDeveloping A Economically Developed Countries1649 Words   |  7 Pageswith advanced technological industries as compared to other countries. The Human Development index, standard of living as well as the Gross national product of these economies is on the upper level of every chart. According to the International Monetary Fund, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global nominal GDP and 42.9% of global GDP (PPP) in 2014. COUNTRY KOF INDEX OF GLOBALIZATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX GINI COEFFICIENT IRELAND 91.30 0.899 34.3 NETHERLANDS 91.24 0.915 30.9 BELGIUM 91.00 0.881Read MorePublic Economics1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthe other hand is poverty within a country. Although Ireland has a high human development, there are still people within the country who are relatively poor, compared with richer people in the country. The people whom fall into the ‘relative poverty’ bracket are those relatively poor people are not living in absolute poverty but can be considered poor. In Ireland, 11 basic items are used to construct the deprivation index: * Without heating at some stage in the last year * Unable to affordRead MorePublic Economics1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe other hand is poverty within a country. Although Ireland has a high human development, there are still people within the country who are relatively poor, compared with richer people in the country. The people whom fall into the ‘relative poverty’ bracket are those relatively poor people are not living in absolute poverty but can be considered poor. In Ireland, 11 basic items are used to construct the deprivation index: * Without heating at some stage in the last year * Unable to affordRead MoreDomestic Inequalities in The USA and Denmark Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdisparities or gaps, such as the distance between a low income and a high income household, or the ratio of their incomes (Divided We Stand, 2011). Domestic inequality refers to inequality within a country and is extremely important in the political development agenda as it can create economic, social and political challenges. Domestic inequality is a multifaceted dilemma, with income, opportunity, wealth and assets and physical environment all core aspects. Domestic inequality can be a direct result ofRead MoreMalaysia Economic Analysis1404 Words   |  6 Pagesnatural resources and human capital. Therefore, the main export products in Malaysia are liquefied natural gas, petroleum products and palm oil. Moreover, Malaysia is today a manufacturing-based economy with high technology, knowledge-based and capital-intensive industries. Furthermore, it has low corporate taxes and tr ade tarrif. Hence, Malaysia provides an attractive investment environment. Malaysia scored a 66.1 on the index of economic freedom and a B+ on the happiness Index. This is because MalaysiaRead MoreAnalyze Globalizations Impact on Singapores Development.1746 Words   |  7 Pageshelp determine the development of a country, of which economic criteria tend to dominate, with indicators such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as other social and security needs of the people, with the recent Human Development Index (HDI) which measures overall well-being of the people. So, with the recent phenomenon of globalization becoming ever more widespread in our society today, there is no doubt that it has impacts, both positive and negative, on the development of Singapore as a

Some Assumptions Are Made For Development †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Some Assumptions Are Made For Development? Answer: Introducation Some assumptions are made for the development of the network solution and preparation of the logical network diagram. The diagram is explained and an addressing model is used for the development of the network solution. The list of switching and the routing protocols required to be used for maintaining the efficiency of the network is also discussed in the report. The security mechanism and the flow of traffic from different tables are given in the report for reducing congestion in the network. Aims and Objectives The main aims and objectives of the project is to reduce the waiting time and remove congestion in the network. To reduce the time and cost of the network and also reduce the management cost. To secure the network from external access and remove the constraints for management of the different business operation. List of Requirement The requirement for the development of the network solution for A4A are as follows: To collaborate the different network of the university and the colleges for the including different business operation and increase the efficiency of the network. To implement the different network topology for the development of the network design and increase the efficiency of the information system. To respond to the querry of user at a fraction of second and reduce the waiting time of the user for adding information in the system. To increase the security of the network for blocking the external user to access the network components. To implement QoS in the network and implementation of VLAN for separating the network channel and reduce congestion in the network traffic. Deployment of a media server for managing the information system and record the different operation of the user recording the different information of the university and the colleges. List of Assumptions The following assumptions are made for the preparation of the network solution of A4A and increase the efficiency of the current system. It is assumed that the network engineer have efficient skills and knowledge for designing the network and connecting different network resources It is assumed that a proper network cabling plan is required to be implemented for traffic management The noise less situation is created for the network solution for reducing the risk of packet loss and transfer the data packets over the network The entry and the exit point of the network are secured with firewall and the firewall is configured aligning the business rules and policy for increasing the security of the network. The resources required for the development of the network would be available and the network would be developed according to it The proposed network solution would have low cost of maintenance and is created maintaining different standards It is also assumed that a static IP address would be used for the network devices connected in the network and the network would not support external devices to be connected in the network. The routers used in the network solution would be configured with standard access list and all the devices connected in the network would not be able to communicate with the outside network for security reasons. Logical Network Diagram Figure 1: Proposed logical network diagram for A4A (Source: Created by author) Explanation off the logical network deign The logical network diagram is created using cisco packet tracer 6.2 and it demonstrated the different hardware used in the network and their connectivity. The University or the College Network is required to be connected to the information system and a central router of 2811 series is used for the management of the network. An wireless access point is installed in the network for management of the network devices and the access of the wireless network is prohibited to the external users. The main office of the network is designed to connect 150 computers, servers and printing device and the branch office network is designed to connect 250 nodes and servers. A network sniffer is installed in the network for analyzing the unusual traffic in the network and secure the network from DoS attack. The network is required to support BYOD and remote connection management is required to be enabled such that the employees can access the network from remote location and increase the efficiency o f the network. The wireless access point is secured with WPA2 encryption algorithm for restricting the unauthroised user. A switch in the network is required to be configured with VLAN and the router is required to be configured with VPN allowing remote connection. Justification of the logical design The network design is proposed for the organization to increase the efficiency of the current framework. The servers installed in the network is required to be configured with an addressing model and it comprises of a progression of four numbers that extents at a range of 0 to 255 and they are essentially utilized by the switches for finding the distinctive devices associated in the system. If there should be an occurrence of naming model the hosts are given a name and it is finished by arranging the DNS server introduced in the system. The principle working of the DNS server is to tie the IP address with the name. Distinctive other administration can be utilized, for example, MS Windows Internet Naming Service however there is a restriction is commonly intended for good DNS servers. Addressing and Naming Model The naming and the addressing scheme is required to be added for the development of the network solution for the A4A solution. The organization needs to connect with different university network and a large number of IP address is required to be allocated to the device connected in the network. The implementation of disgraceful routing and naming plan brings about expansion of additional cost because of re arrangement of the system. The addressing plan is essential for simple administration of the advantages and the system devices introduced in the system. For making the addressing scheme of the system intended for A4A the hosts are required to be isolated from the system. The PCs that are conveying straightforwardly ought to be kept in various subnet and a DHCP server is required to be designed in the branch office arrange for pleasing the hosts with auto created IP address (Jackson et al. 2014). The system of A4A is planned such that a solitary system address can be utilized and VLSM strategy can be utilized for sun partitioning the system. As A4A is a little association it can pick an irregular plan for instance the servers can be named on the name of Greek goddess and a subject is required to be chosen (Stevens 2016). The system hardware's introduced in the system can be named as the NFL quarterbacks. Picking great name is critical for expanding the productivity of the system. List of routing and switching protocols The routing and the switching protocols are used for the development of the network solution are as follows: Implementation of a layer 2 switch and configuration of different VLAN in the network using the command Configuration of the router with spanning tree and dynamic routing for connecting with the network elements and reducing congestion in the network traffic The routers are configured with EIGRP for sending and receiving data packets from different routers connected in the network and increase the efficiency of the network (Li et al. 2017). Configuring the switches with trunk protocol and encapsulation of the transmission channels for increasing the security of the network. List of Security mechanism The security mechanism followed for the development of the network solution are as follows: Authentication: the routers and the switch installed in the network is required to be password protected. Data Encryption: The data residing in the database server is required to be encrypted such if the data is accessed by any intruder it cannot be used. Physical Security: The server is required to be installed in rooms where the access of the normal employees is prohibited. The different networking device such as the routers and the switches are required to be installed in closed and increase the physical security of the device. Packet filtering: The packets coming from the unknown source or network address can be dropped by configuring the router with different packet filtering protocols. The deployment of the network sniffing tool helps in analyzing the network traffic and apply different inbound and outbound rules for filtering the packets. Implementation of Firewalls: The entry and the exit point in the network is required to be secured with implementation of firewall and it is required to be configured to restrict the unauthroised connection to intrude in the network. A set of security rules is required to be created and deployed for increasing the security. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that for designing the network of A4A a detailed analysis is done on the requirement of the organization. The network is designed for A4A for connecting with different colleges and universities and provide service to them. The network is required to handle the large amount of network traffic generated from the information system of the A4A. For the preparation of the report business and technical goals are analyzed and a list of the requirement is created for the development of the network solution. References Cardoso, A.J.F., Costa, J.C.W. and Francs, C.R.L., 2015. A New Proposal of an Efficient Algorithm for Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Optical Networks.Journal of Communication and Information Systems,25(1). Coskun, S., Ozgur, L., Polat, O. and Gungor, A., 2016. A model proposal for green supply chain network design based on consumer segmentation.Journal of Cleaner Production,110, pp.149-157. Jackson, D., Barrett, J.K., Rice, S., White, I.R. and Higgins, J., 2014. A design?by?treatment interaction model for network meta?analysis with random inconsistency effects.Statistics in medicine,33(21), pp.3639-3654. Li, H., Liu, Y., Ouyang, W. and Wang, X., 2017. Zoom Out-and-In Network with Recursive Training for Object Proposal.arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.05711. Mijumbi, R., Serrat, J., Gorricho, J.L., Bouten, N., De Turck, F. and Davy, S., 2015, April. Design and evaluation of algorithms for mapping and scheduling of virtual network functions. InNetwork Softwarization (NetSoft), 2015 1st IEEE Conference on(pp. 1-9). IEEE. Network, M.D.A.I.D., 2015. Critical Analysis Proposal. Pierce, J., 2016, June. Design Proposal for a Wireless Derouter: Speculatively Engaging Digitally Disconnected Space. InProceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems(pp. 388-402). ACM. Righi, A.W., Saurin, T.A. and Wachs, P., 2015. A systematic literature review of resilience engineering: Research areas and a research agenda proposal.Reliability Engineering System Safety,141, pp.142-152. Saarman, E., Gleason, M., Ugoretz, J., Airam, S., Carr, M., Fox, E., Frimodig, A., Mason, T. and Vasques, J., 2013. The role of science in supporting marine protected area network planning and design in California.Ocean coastal management,74, pp.45-56. Stevens, K.A., 2016. Design Proposal: Peer Mentoring Program in SCHC. Tian, Z., Huang, W., He, T., He, P. and Qiao, Y., 2016, October. Detecting text in natural image with connectionist text proposal network. InEuropean Conference on Computer Vision(pp. 56-72). Springer International Publishing. Zhu, E., Crainic, T.G. and Gendreau, M., 2014. Scheduled service network design for freight rail transportation.Operations research,62(2), pp.383-400.

Battle of Verdun free essay sample

Battle of Verdun† It has been described as one of the bloodiest battle of WWI. The battle of Verdun first sparked in February, 1916 and ended in December. It was a battle between Germany and France. What made Verdun significant is that France did not expect the Germans to attack at that location, so France had to send in troops that weren’t ready to that battle field to protect the Verdun; a place that has a deep meaning to France. This made the French troops more spreaded out into small groups around Verdun. Many deaths were the result of this surprise attack of the Germans. In the battle field, trenches were made to help avoid the bombardment from both sides. Bombardment was the main weapon used in this battle and millions of shells from both sides were shot, which made this battle very chaotic. Gases were used too to blind the enemy, also known as chemical warfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle of Verdun or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This battle has arisen never before seen weapons in wars at that time, and one of them is the gas. After the battle, there were hardly any trenches left because of the explosions from the bombardment and more than over three-hundred thousand soldiers at both sides have died, and over seven-hundred thousand were wounded. The goal of this tactic from Germany was to drain France of their resources, also known as attrition, which happens a lot in WWI, but this battle was one of the chaotic battles. You might wonder why did France send in troops to Verdun instead of letting that place be taken. The answer to that is because Verdun is a historical place to France; it’s the birthplace of France. They will protect a place that they are very sentimental to and that became one of France’s goal during that war; to protect Verdun. The aftermath of this battle was the death of hundred thousands of soldiers with no advances into each territory.

Visit to Muktijuddha Jadughar Essay Example For Students

Visit to Muktijuddha Jadughar Essay Visit To Muktijuddha Jadughar Brief essay on liberation War of Bangladesh: In August 1947, the Partition of British India gave birth to two new states; a secular state named India and an Islamic state named Pakistan. But Pakistan comprised two geographically and culturally separate areas to the east and the west of India. The western zone was popularly termed West Pakistan and the eastern zone was initially termed East Bengal and later, East Pakistan. Although the population of the two zones was close to equal, political power was concentrated in West Pakistan and it was widely perceived that East Pakistan was being exploited economically, leading to many grievances. On 25 March 1971, rising political discontent and cultural nationalism in East Pakistan was met by brutal suppressive force from the ruling elite of the West Pakistan establishment in what came to be termed Operation Searchlight. The violent crackdown by West Pakistan forces led to East Pakistan declaring its independence as the state of Bangladesh and to the start of civil war. We will write a custom essay on Visit to Muktijuddha Jadughar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The war led to a sea of refugees flooding into the eastern provinces of India. Facing a mounting humanitarian and economic crisis, India started actively aiding and organizing the Bangladeshi resistance army known as the Mukti Bahini. Although East Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan dominated the divided country Language, politically and received more money from the common budget. In 1948, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistans first Governor-General, declared in Dhaka (then usually spelled Dacca in English) that Urdu, and only Urdu would be the sole official language for all of Pakistan. This proved highly controversial, since Urdu was a language that was only spoken in the West by Muhajirs and in the East by Biharis. The majority groups in West Pakistan spoke Punjabi, while the Bengali language was spoken by the vast majority of East Pakistanis. The language controversy eventually reached a point where East Pakistan revolted. Several students and civilians lost their lives in a police crackdown on 21 February 1952. The day is revered in Bangladesh and in West Bengal as the Language Martyrs Day. The military dictatorships of Ayub Khan (27 October 1958 – 25 March 1969) and Yahya Khan (25 March 1969 – 20 December 1971), both West Pakistanis, only heightened to dominate East Pakistan both in culturally and economically. The situation reached a climax when in 1970 the Awami League, the largest East Pakistani political party, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a landslide victory in the national elections. The party won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, and thus a majority of the 313 seats in the National Assembly. This gave the Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. However, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto the leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party, refused to allow Rahman to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Instead, he proposed the idea of having two Prime Ministers, one for each wing. The proposal elicited outrage in the east wing, already chafing under the other constitutional innovation, the one unit scheme. Bhutto also refused to accept Rahmans Six Points. On 3 March 1971, the two leaders of the two wings along with the President General Yahya Khan met in Dhaka to decide the fate of the country. Talks failed. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman called for a nation-wide strike. On 7 March 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a speech at the Racecourse Ground (now called the Suhrawardy Udyan). In this speech finally, Bangabandhu asked his people to raise arms against the Pakistani military who killed hundreds of people during the peaceful protests of the 1971. In this war, we should mention the bravery and far-sightedness of Tajuddin Ahmed, Syed Nazrul Islam, Captain Monsoor Ali, Kamrujjamn, General Ataul Gani Osmani, and many others. .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .postImageUrl , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:hover , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:visited , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:active { border:0!important; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:active , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fences EssayThree million people were massacred by the Pakistani military and local collaborators. Hundreds of thousands of women were raped. Village after village, town after town, were burned to the ground. There were deadbodys lying in every plain, and floating in every river. There was hardly any family who did not lose something in this war. At the very end, facing an imminent defeat, the coward Pakistani military and the local collaborators systematically killed many of the leading intellectuals of the country. On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi, Chief of Pakistan Army forces located in East Pakistan signed the instrument of surrender. At the time of surrender only a few countries had provided diplomatic recognition to the new nation. ? The objects of The Museum: The Muktijuddha Museum is situated in the Shegunbagicha area of the Dhaka city opposite site of the Bangladesh Press Club. The Museum is well decorated and the objects are nicely observed by the visitors. There are some objects in The Museum. In below enlisted some objects of The Museum: 1. The Muktijuddha Jadughar is located in a relatively small place. 2. The whole place is divided into two parts: The main building and the separated Hall room. 3. A medium Type of Hall room. 4. Three stored Building. 5. A small garden in front of the Museum. 6. In the Hall room, a Projector is cited for the visitor to see the documentary film. 7. Most parts of The Museum are decorated by historical pictures of British period and The Bangladesh Liberation War. 8. In The Museum, we found some Map decorated by Glass. ? The object I like most: I like the Hall room of the Museum. The Hall room of The Museum is decorated nicely and the place is full Air conditioned. The view of the Hall room is also good and projector is also situated in the perfect place. So the over wall view of The Hall room is pleasant. ? The part of the Museum touched most of my heart: The pictures of the liberation war of Bangladesh touched my heart. In the Liberation War of Bangladesh we lost so many peoples and the way they killed by the brutal Pakistani armed force are viewed perfectly in The Museum. For that reason I felt touched by the Museum. ? The lesson I have got from the visit: I had learned a lot from the visit of the national Muktizuddha Jadugar. Eventhough I had known most of the part of the documentary but I have never seen anything so accomplish documentary based on the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Also the pictures of the Museum helped me to gain proper knowledge about the Liberation War of our Country. Overall I am very pleased to visit the Muktizuddha Jadughar and expect to visit the place further in someday.

April Morning Book Review (A) essays

April Morning Book Review (A) essays In April Morning, written by Howard Fast, the theme of maturation prevails throughout the book as the main character, Adam Cooper, changes from being perceived as a young boy to a man. Also, as Adam matures from boy to man, the colonial revolutionaries acknowledge the seriousness of their battles against Britain. The story is narrated by Adam as he tells the tale of many events that occur in one life altering day. The narrative begins as Adam is being criticized by his father, Moses Cooper, for being lazy and disrespectful. Moses is very judgmental with Adam and does not show him much affection; they dont have what you would call a good father-son relationship. Adam then goes inside the house to talk to his mother and his grandmother, who has always spoiled him and protected him from his fathers stern criticism. Again, at the dinner table that night, Moses passes judgment on Adam until a relative of the boy, Joseph Simmons, stops in and enters the scene. Joseph tells the Moses that he has been chosen to write a statement on the rights of man by the committee, the men of the village acting to define their positions on their hopes for liberty from Britain. Adam, being only fifteen years old, is a year too young to participate in the committee meetings therefore when his father and Cousin Sim mons attended the meeting that night, he went to visit his girlfriend, Ruth Simmons. However, Adam recounts his fathers version of events that took place at the meeting and it is made clear that his village, Lexington, Massachusetts, is in emotional and intellectual turmoil due to the developing revolution. In the middle of that same night, Lexington is awakened by a lone rider with news that the British army has left Boston and is marching towards the village. Adam slips out to join his father and the reverend, who are discussing with the committeemen what their response should be if a thousand or more Br ...

New Technology of Crime Law and Social Control Essay

New Technology of Crime Law and Social Control - Essay Example Byrne and Rebovich (2007) classify technology into two broad categories: hard and soft technologies. They give examples of hard technologies used by the police in crime prevention to include: closed circuit television cameras (CCTV), street lighting, citizen protection devices, metal detectors, and ignition interlock systems. They also give examples of soft technology which include: threat assessment instruments, risk assessment instruments, bullying ID protocol, sex offender registration, risk assessment prior to involuntary civil commitment, profiling potential offenders, and facial recognition software used in conjunction with CCTV. Byrne and Rebovich argue that hard technology has led to improved police protection devices, improved new weapons, less lethal force, computers in squad cars, mobile data centers and video in patrol cars. They outline advantages of soft technology to include: crime mapping, crime analysis, criminal history data systems enhancement, information sharing within criminal justice systems and private sector, new technologies to monitor communication to and from targeted individuals, amber alerts, the creation of watch list of potentially violent offenders and gunshot location devices. CCTV and street lighting are the most commonly used hard technologies in crime prevention. CCTV is more significant in reducing property crime than street lighting (Welsh and Farrington, 2007). Great investments go into implementing CCTV but its rewards are tremendous. Cameras enable surveillance, making police work much easier. In conjunction with street lighting, cameras intensify security in the streets. During public events, cameras enable the police to monitor security details and ensure people’s safety. When criminals know that they are being watched, they shy away from committing a crime.  

History of Photography. Lewis Hine, Steelworkers, Empire State Essay

History of Photography. Lewis Hine, Steelworkers, Empire State Building, New York, 1931 - Essay Example In this essay I will focus on Lewis Hines photographs of men working on top of the Empire State Building skyscraper, which were taken in different years of its construction. I will try to compare the well-known Hines photograph titled as Steelworkers, which he took in 1931, with a number of other similar photographs taken by Lewis Hines atop of the Empire State Building in 1930s. Lewis Hines breathtaking photograph titled as Steelworkers,1 which he took on top of the Empire State Building in 1931, became a hymn to work and splendor of a great deed that a man could do to achieve the goal, no matter how incredible it might seem from the beginning. This amazing image shows two steelworkers on top of the skyscraper and makes one wonder how it is possible at all to work at such height without suffering vertigo. One can see a part of Manhattan on the background; the rest of the buildings down below seem so small comparing to the work place of these two brave men on top of the skyscraper that the image of them doing their ordinary work inspires admiration with courage and self mastery of these steelworkers sitting atop of one of the highest buildings in New York City. This photograph is a manifest of the fortitude of a man and incredible ability to overcome difficulties and dangers, although the scene of men at such height risking their lives to get the work done i nspires with awe. While one of the steelworkers is sitting on the beam holding the screw-bolt, another worker is using the electrical screw-driving machine to screw the bolt into the beam until tight. It is amazing how these men sacrifice their safety and risk their lives to erect the construction, where people would feel themselves perfectly safe one day. The calmness of these two men is an art itself. Both of them smile knowing that Hines is taking a photo of their work, but dont look at the camera as they are

Exploring the strength of social media in marketing strategy Essay

Exploring the strength of social media in marketing strategy - Essay Example Social media has gained support from a business marketer known as Radian6. Radian6 has enabled many organizations to turn into Socially Engaged Enterprises containing the ability to understand and obtain useful information about social media through measurement, sentiment, metrics, and analytics reporting (Safko 31-33). It is also through social media listening, monitoring, tracking and engagement tools that motivate many organizations adopt social media strategy. In addition, Radian6 advices on how to utilize social media guidelines, case studies, the best practices, and educating the staff thus enhancing easy understanding of the impact that both the Social CRM and Social Graph have on their business. Social Media Marketing has paved way for developing buzz and visibility for brands, services, companies, and products. Through consulting solutions, it has provided many companies with extensive connectivity within its target audience; which is an effective way of developing conversations and interacting with consumers. Marketers obtain the skills of identifying important metrics (Evans 67). Furthermore, they are in position to determine measures of social media in their firms in turn having the ability of providing the return measurement for the plans before and after implementation. Social media also provides extensive visibility, increasing sales significantly and reducing costs involved with traditional lead generation systems, email marketing campaign and cold calling. They face many limitations such as difficulty in identifying the best practices, determining the effectiveness of their campaigns, having no idea of where to start, and working under full time resources. Social media addresses all these challenges with the aim of improving their business. Social brand conversation provides solutions that allow customers to engage in end-users for better networking, collaboration, well lead generation, loyalty building, thought

Customer Service Is An Integral Part Of Business Marketing Essay

Customer Service Is An Integral Part Of Business Marketing Essay Customer service is an integral part of doing business today. Customer service providers must have adequate preparation to interact effectively with todays customers. This preparation does not happen magically. It is the result of a commitment to increased understanding of the customer service industry, knowledge of current trends, ability to interpret those trends, and development of the fundamental skills necessary to achieve excellence. A new generation of customer service providers is emerging. This new generation is excited about what they can offer their customers and how they can help their organizations accomplish goals. They eagerly accept the challenge of expanding their understanding of the business world. These customer service providers are well educated, open to new ideas, adaptable, and motivated; in addition, they possess superior communication skills and have an enlightened understanding of the multicultural marketplace in which business is conducted. Technology is an opportunity for greater efficiency and a tool to more effectively meet the ever-changing needs of customers. The desire for additional knowledge reflects a commitment to personal and professional growth. What is Customer Service? Customer service is anything we do for the customer that enhances the customer experience. Customers have varying ideas of what they expect from customer interaction. The customer service provider must get to know his or her customers and strive to provide them with excellent customer service. No matter how accurately we see our definition of customer services we still have to live up to what our customer thinks that customer service is. The customers satisfaction is the goal to attain. Satisfaction of the customer services. Customer satisfaction recognizes the difference between customer expectations and customer perceptions. Satisfaction may develop quickly or may be cultivated over a period of time. Customers have many concerns; our job is to reduce as much of the customers stress as possible and to create a pleasant customer experience, while also providing current information and helping to solve customers problems. Satisfaction may be a customers afterthought. The customer may think back on the experience and realize how pleasant or unpleasant it was. Developing skills in customer services to fulfill the customer needs. In addition to developing skills, organizations must assess their current level of customer service and determine if it appropriately meets their current customers needs. Customers are changing all the time. In addition to the people, the circumstances that customers and organizations are required to operate in may change. If customer policies were established a number of years ago, or if the customer base has changed, current procedures for operation may no longer be effective. Companies must develop strategies that meet todays customers needs. Employees must be empowered to make decisions to benefit their customers. They must have managers who carefully hired the right people for the jobs and employees who are adequately trained to anticipate the challenges that may arise daily. While customer service is more than having a great attitude, it does require having the right attitude. Some people become so involved in trying to provide excellent customer service that they lose sight of the little things that the customer would appreciate. The use of technology and current information greatly facilitates the provision of excellent customer service. We live in an age of technology where a new and improved model is on the market almost before a new system is installed. Technology and information must work together to enhance customer service. Many up-to-date computer systems, e-mail, fax machines, printers, and messaging centers have remained unused because the information needed for their use was not developed and distributed to the appropriate customer service personnel. The challenge of providing excellent customer service never ends. Five Basics need of our client/customer Every customer have a situation with different wants and needs. Theres are basics action for us to fulfill the customer needs , it is: Service: Customers always wanted a good service and in polite way, a good service will make them feel comfortable and respect. The service that we provides must contains friendliness and politeness Price: The cost is everything; perhaps it is important to doing business with customer. If is too expensive, the customer will not be satisfied and will be mad, we dont want that to happen. So consider the price is very important for the customer needs. Quality: Customer wants to purchase durable and functional item until the customer decides or choose to replace them. The item must have an expectations of good durability. Action: Customers need action when a problem or question arises. Customers are human beings and like to think that they are an important priority and that when a need or question arises someone will be ready and waiting to help them. Appreciation: Customer would like to know that if we appreciate doing business with them. It is good to feel appreciate from someone we dealing to. Saying thank you to the customer through our words are very good action. Others service that make the customer feel comfortable: Friendliness: This is the basic action of customers needs, being polite is good for them to communicate with us. Understanding and empathy: It is very important to customers feel that the service person understands and appreciates their circumstances. Fairness: It is good when we have been treated fairly. Customers can be very annoyed and defensive when they feel they are subject to any class distinctions. No one wants to be treated as if they fall into a certain category. Customer service Price Quality Action Appreciation Service CONCLUSION The customer is very important, we must give them a very good service and serve the politely until the very end, also now we have known the basics needs of the customer service. Strong customer service is more important than ever, to fulfill the customer needs, try yourself standing in your customers shoes and experience your business the way they do, especially for a new buyer. Pick up the phone and see how easy it is to find information or connect to the right department. It may be an eye-opener for you. Bibliografy Ebrary, 2010, Customer Satisfaction, A practical approach , Retrieved 25th October, Stephen Elba. 2010, Customer service is an integral part, Final chapter, Retrieved 25th October, Ebrary. 2010, The Basics of Customer Service, Insights into the changing service of the Customer, Retrieved 25th October, Ebrary. 2010, The most importance needs, Customer Service, Rretrieved 25th October Question 2 All customers have their own unique sets of expectations. Expectations may be positive or negative. Organizations must periodically attempt to determine what their customers expect from their customer experience. In a group, list and explain in details the top five expectations that customers would have of the following organization: 5 star hotel International Fast Food Chain Travel and tours company INTRODUCTION Customer service is the art of serving a customer. It is by far the most important marketing strategy a business can use in its quest to capture and retain market share. Customer service isnt the product of smile training. It isnt a scripted, predetermined response to a menu of customer complaints. It isnt a magical transformation that occurs as a result of a one-shot corporate training program. It doesnt happen because of corporate lip-service or directives and mandates from upper management demanding that customers be treated with respect and dignity. Customer service is a way of doing business that is born out of genuine concern for the customer, and it involves every person in the company, from the chairman of the board to the custodian. Its a not just a way of doing business, its a way of life. Customer expectations We ourselves are customers and as customers, what do we want? Satisfaction. We expect the food to be delicious, the environment to be delightful and the service to be spectacular. Now that weve established that, we know what other customers want and what our next step to take is. Whatever we do, we need to think like a customer. Only then we can achieve success. If a customer make a reservation at our hotel, and soon the customer will be our guest, and before they arrive at our hotel, they surely make expectations how will be the services is, how the food, the accommodation, the environment and other stuffs is. By these expectations, we need to give our best, because it is so important what the customer will feel. Expectations that customers would have in: 5 star hotel A good services Air conditioner Lobby and lift A clean swimming pool. Nice environment Great accommodation International Fast Food Chain Have a Drive-Thru purchase Air-conditioner Smoking area A good compartment Many cashier so that the customers dont have to queue for too long. Travel and tours company More options on travel places. Fast procedures on checking passport etc. Free gift. Good services Friendly agent Managing customer expectations If you are a service provider, customer expectations can pose a major challenge. That is because expectations are wondrous creatures because: They grow, they shrink, they change direction, they shift constantly, and they shift easily and how satisfied or dissatisfied your customers are in determined by these expectations and your performance in meeting them. If expressed as a calculation, customer satisfaction might look something like this: The process concerns how customers feel they have been treated. This is the human element of service. And touchy-feely though it may appear, the human element is exceedingly important in achieving a high level of customer satisfaction. Example: When Im a customer, I want: To be taken seriously Competent, efficient service Anticipation of my needs. Explanations in my terms Basic courtesies To be informed of the options Not to be passed around Dedicated attention Knowledgeable help Friendliness To be kept informed Follow- through Honesty Feedback Professional service Empathy Respect If you are a businessman, consider yourself a customer, so that you can define what is the customer really want, by knowing all the subjects, you can easily attract the customer and doing nice business with them, lastly, the customer are happy and you get your work nicely done. CONCLUSION Humans expectation has no end so therefore, we just have to give our best to keep our customers satisfied. By giving the best to our customers, we not only can make their day but its also good for business. A satisfied customer will turn into a loyal customer. And dont forget, our customers are also our publicity agent. When theres a problem, be smart when handling it. We dont want even a small problem to get in the way.

Essay on Eating Disorder - Bulimia, the Destruction of Self :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Bulimia - The Destruction of Self Bulimia nervosa, more commonly known simply as bulimia or binge and purge disorder, is an eating disorder that affects 1 in 4 college-aged women in America, or 1 in 10,000 Americans. The most common misconception concerning bulimia is that it is simply a physical or mental problem. Many people do not understand that bulimia is a disease that affects both the mind and the body, and in its course can destroy both aspects of the diseased individual. Bulimia affects a variety of different people, but generally the victims will fall tend to fall into certain categories. Those at highest vulnerability to this disease are young adult females, ages 12 to 18. The disease, however, can start as early as elementary school, or much later in life. Others (such as athletes competing in sports such as ballet, gymnastics, ice-skating, diving, etc.) may also be pressured into starting bulimic habits. Males who perform in athletics such as wrestling and dance are at high risk for developing the disease as well. Victims of bulimia can often be linked to being victims of verbal, physical, and/or sexual abuse, though not all are. Bulimia may also contain ties to diseases such as clinical or manic depression. Bulimics often start out with anorexa (starvation and excessive exercising), or may turn to anorexia after being bulimic. Bulimia is marked by significant cycles in eating habits. Bulimics will often starve themselves (calorie/food/fat intake restriction -- sometimes with the help of diet pills or supplements) for extended periods of time prior to a massive binge, during which they consume abnormal amounts of food in a short period of time. These binges are followed by purging, which generally is constituted by self-induced vomiting. Other methods of purging the body include the use of diuretics, laxatives, and excessive exercising. Bulimics are generally within what is considered to be a "normal" weight range, but see themselves as being overly fat, or suffer from an intense fear of gaining weight. They often do realize that they have a problem, but by that point the cycle has become an obsession. Bulimics usually weigh themselves frequently, even several times daily.

Terrorism Can Be Defeated If We Tackle Its Root Causes †Poverty and Injustice

In today’s world, the issue of terrorism has been prevalent. Due to the expanse and connectivity of the Internet, some believe that terrorism is now an entrepreneurial arena with the Internet as its global recruiting station. Poverty and injustice are some of the root causes of terrorism, but these are not the only factors that trigger terrorism. Hence, terrorism may be defeated or abated if we tackle other factors such as religious influence. A minority believes that tackling poverty cannot defeat terrorism. They believe that terrorist groups eschew from recruiting the poor. A high level of educational attainment is seen as signal of one’s commitment to a cause and determination, it also indicates his ability to prepare for an assignment and carry it off. Additionally, terrorist groups may offer more benefits than what one may get in reality; this may also attract more educated but unprincipled individuals into terrorism. For example, well-educated individuals may be eager to participate in terrorist groups if they think that they will assume leadership positions if they succeed. On the other hand, poverty stricken individuals may be targets for the spread of terrorism. Some these individuals are desperate to even stake their lives on immoral acts just to provide financial sustenance for their family. As a result, these individuals become easy prey for terrorist groups. Terrorists groups preach their idea of providing salvation to these troubled people, effectively convincing them to do to their bidding. They promise to reward the victim’s family with money to mitigate their situation of poverty. In most cases, the victim becomes a suicide bomber, a martyr bent on avenging his fate believing that his family will be rewarded for his act of bravery. Many believe that by alleviating poverty, terrorism can be solved. Based on an observation by Gary Becker, a professor at the University of Chicago Business School. He saw that nations or regions that are experiencing rapid growth appear to have lower incidences of terrorism. This led Becker to believe that political activism and violent activity becomes less appealing to individuals when their economic opportunities expand. People are open to more options and are less likely to resort to desperate measures. Hence, terrorism may be reduced if poverty is lessened. Some believe that getting rid of injustices cannot solve terrorism. Though the government may believe that their actions are fair and justified the public and especially extremist groups may not. These extremist groups live by their own ideology, which is seldom paralleled by the government’s actions. Take for example, The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. They are a separatist organization formerly based in northern Sri Lanka They sought to create an independent Tamil State in the north and east of Sri Lanka. This campaign spiraled into the Sri Lankan Civil War as the Sri Lankan government refused to agree to their demands. In this case, it is almost impossible to defeat terrorism by righting injustices. However, many argue that by righting injustices, terrorism can be reduced. In some cases, the origin of the intention of terrorism is when injustices take place. When a particular community feels that they are wrongly accused or that the law is unfair some of them take matters into their own hands. They believe that force is the only way to change biased laws. I acknowledge that it is difficult to change the mindset of extremist groups, as they are extremely demanding. However, terrorism can be reduced if we treat everyone with equality. Take for example, when pictures of American soldiers abusing prisoners in Saddam's notorious prison were released. There was a global outcry against these animalistic acts. By reducing these crimes, it reduces the hatred that people might feels towards the Americans. It also lessens the chance of normal civilians becoming terrorists. Hence, by tacking the injustices, fewer civilians would feel mistreated and terrorism can be reduced. I believe that the greatest player in terrorism is religious influence. These religious influences come in the form of extremist views on very sensitive issues. Some feel that religion is used to brainwash terrorists. An example can be seen from the case of Nidal Malik Hasan. He was an Army major and then turned into a mass murderer, fatally shooting twelve people on America’s largest military base. Many believed that Hasan’s path began to take a twist when he attended the Dar Al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church. Coincidentally, two of the 9/11 hijackers attended this mosque too. Although there was no evidence that the mosque had preached extremist views to Hasan, many argue that he was being brainwashed. It is difficult to stamp out religious influence of this kind as evidence is weak and interference with religious places can lead to conflict. With the large network of the Internet, religious views can be spread through these media networks. There is a plethora of YouTube videos and sermons that can be downloaded from the Internet, leaving the viewer with visions of carnage dancing in their heads. These terrorist groups garner attention via the Internet. This can be seen when Al-Qaeda posted footages of roadside bombings, the decapitation of American hostage Nick Berg, and the kidnapping of Egyptian and Algerian diplomats prior to their execution. The government can be vigilant by actively banning or censoring such websites. Video-sharing such as Youtube should act responsibly and remove these inappropriate videos. By taking down such videos, the outreach of religious influence through the Internet can be tapered. Albeit terrorism is difficult to be defeated by attempting to stamp out the ramification of religious influence, acts of terrorism can be reduced through the Internet. To conclude, I believe that terrorism must be tackled not only from the aspect of injustice and poverty but also the religious aspect. Although terrorism cannot be totally defeated we can reduce the acts of terrorism by holistically solving problems such as injustice, poverty and the spread of extremist views through religious influences.

Alliance Mania

Alliance Mania On December 16, 1999, Best Buy Co. Inc and Microsoft formed a long-term alliance called ?comprehensive strategic alliance?.The existence of the complementary sales and distribution channels between those two parties was the main driving force of the alliance. According to Best Buy Chairman and CEO Richard M. Schulze, ?A deciding factor in forming this alliance is Microsoft?s ?Everyday Web? vision, making the web as prevalent as the telephone and even more useful in our customer?s daily lives.? (Roger Yu, 1999). Microsoft wanted to increase its customer base and narrow the gap with the ISP market leader American Online. Best buy, as the nation?s largest volume retailer of consumer electronics, computers, entertainment software and appliances, has the resources to help MSN to achieve its ?Everyday Web? vision. Under the alliance, Best Buy would promote Microsoft Network (MSN) through in-store instant rebates to new computer purchasers, and sell other Microsoft Digital products in its m ore than 350 electronics and office stores in 37 states.English:

Similarities and differences between Democracy and Dictatorship

Similarities and differences between Democracy and Dictatorship Introduction The world is home to diverse systems of governance. Different countries are governed differently due to a variety of reasons, mostly depending on their geographical location, political affiliations, and religious background to a lesser extent. Democracy is the most favored system of governance while dictatorship is loathed by many. This paper seeks to compare and contrast democracy and dictatorship as systems of governance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and differences between Democracy and Dictatorship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Description of democracy and dictatorship Democracy is often described as a form of â€Å"governance in which all the adult citizens of a given country have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives† (Diamond and Marc 168). This implies that the citizens have a way of participating in the formation of the rules and laws by which they are g overned. Democratic principles may encompass cultural, economic and other social practices that encourage free and fair competition, particularly in the political arena (Diamond and Marc 168). On the other hand, dictatorship can be defined as a form of government that is controlled by an individual or a small collection of individuals. Power is concentrated around the individual or the small group of people and is often obtained through force or inheritance (Bueno, Alastair and Morrow 15). Similarities between democracy and dictatorship There are very few similarities between democracy and dictatorship. Both can be identified as forms of governance. Democratic and dictatorial regimes both vest their authority in one person or a few individuals. Both types of government can be effective or infective depending on several factors that may involve the particular individual holding the executive authority. A dictatorship is generally a poor form or governance. However, democracy can also be weak if it’s often locked in disagreements. It’s usually believed that there are no true democracies as most of them typically carry some aspects of dictatorship. Both systems are designed to effectively control the people only that in democracies people think that the ruling elite has their consent to rule (Diamond and Marc 168). Differences between democracy and dictatorship Democracy and dictatorship differ in many ways. The differences mainly pertain to the concept of governance and the methodology applied (Bueno, Alastair and Morrow 132). A dictator exercises absolute power and often formulates laws that are meant to suppress competition. On the other hand, the choice to create the rules of governance and other regulations is usually made by the people. In democracies, people are given a chance to choose what works best for them. Decisions are arrived at through a consultative process where everyone is allowed to provide his/her views. In a dictatorship, an in dividual or a small group of influential persons make choices on behalf of the people.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The laws that govern the rights of people and the economy are framed for the people in a dictatorship (Bueno, Alastair and Morrow 57). On the hand, democracies give people the power to make laws. The freedoms and rights of citizens, media, civil society, and other organizations are often curtailed in dictatorial systems of governance. People are often not allowed to say what they think is right for them. In democracies, citizens, media, civil society, and other organizations are usually free to initiate any meaningful change. Conclusion This paper sought to identify the similarities and differences between democracy and dictatorship. Both have been identified as systems of governance which have very few similarities unless the principles of democracy are compromised to bring in some elements of dictatorship. However, the two are different in several ways that mainly relate to the rights and freedoms of citizens and the concentration of power. Bueno, Mesquita, Smith Alastair and James Morrow. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003. Diamond, Larry and Plattner Marc. Electoral Systems and Democracy. Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 2006.

1. Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1. Paper - Essay Example In this regard, the essay aims to provide two concrete business examples of Kant’s CI theory by elaborating on the dilemma and by providing appropriate solutions, as deemed ethically appropriate. The term lay-offs are defined as â€Å"suspension or termination of employment (with or without notice) by the employer or management† (Business Dictionary, par. 1). The option for management’s decision to layoff employees are evaluated when organizations are faced with any of the following: business slow-down, financial difficulties, work interruption, positions are no longer required, among others. More significantly, justifications could be categorized as any of the following moves, to wit: to make strategical organizational changes, to make necessary improvements, or ultimately, to save the company from further dilemmas. Despite the mentioned justifications, layoffs have been known to cause emotional pain, stress, suffering and anxiety for potential employees to be laid off and to the supervisors who are appointed, by responsibility, to inform the employees of the decision. Ethical dilemmas of layoffs ensue when employees need to be terminated despite appropriate and expected performance delivered according to their job descriptions. Using Kant’s CI, Gilbert emphasized that â€Å"applying a rights and duties approach to the ethical analysis of layoffs, it appears that the central question is whether an employee has a moral right to his or her job, and whether supervisors then have a corresponding moral duty not to terminate that employee until he or she forfeits that right† (Gilbert, 16). Using Kant’s basic premise of the CI, the supervisor is given the duty by senior management to layoff identified employees to ensure that the organization would survive, an impending financial threat that could be due to recession, depending on their performance in the company, length of service, and other

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Religion - Essay Example Christians believe that God revealed himself to them through his actions. A good example is his deeds during the exodus from Egypt or in the life of Jesus Christ. It is believed among the Christians that the deeds were a confirmation of the words spoken by God. The third unique element about Christian revelation is that it is apostolic (Aetate 2). The twelve disciples were the first people to experience God’s self-disclosure through Jesus Christ. This is because they lived and shared their lives with Jesus until his death, resurrection, and ascension to heaven. These apostles were later to propagate that revelation by sharing it with others (Prothero 7). It is believed that the revelation ended after the last apostle died. However, if Christian revelation is viewed from the Christ-centered perspective, two categories of questions questions arise. The first includes: since the revelation ended with the death of the apostles, does it mean that God does not reveal himself to peop le anymore? Does it mean that God does not work among people anymore? Does it mean that people no longer experience God? Secondly, if revelation is Christ-centered as claimed, what about the people who do not know

Learning Science, Mathematics and Technology with Children's Essay

Learning Science, Mathematics and Technology with Children's Engagement in Play - Essay Example It will be learned that Science, Math and Technology concepts and skills are acquired while children engage in play. Math and Science are all around. Children usually see numbers on television channels, telephones, their house numbers, on tag prices, etc. They may also witness their mothers in the kitchen as they cook following recipes that specify the measured ingredients. Science is likewise ever-present as they discover how things work, observe change in things, use their senses in learning about their world. Technology is likewise accessible to them. This is not limited to what most adults know about technology as electronic gadgets or computerized contraptions. Technology includes processes people use to solve a problem deliberately. Adults should respect how young children want to try their hand in working with technology (Mortlock, 2005). It is for the children to discover how technology will work for them and make tasks more convenient such as using cups or buckets in the san dbox to create more defined mounds of sand instead of just a hump they shape out of their hands. The following will discuss how science, math and technology interplay in the messy play of infants, sand play of toddlers and block play of pre-schoolers. These activities come naturally for children that they do not need any specific instructions from adults. Messy But Busy Babies† In the Stages of Cognitive Development of Piaget, children from 0 – 2 years of age belong to the Sensorimotor Stage. This period is characterized by interactions with the environment based on the child’s reception of sensory input and muscular reactions. The task of this period is to develop the concept of object permanence, the idea that objects exist even when they cannot be seen or heard. (Brewer, 2001). Infants are sensorial learners and they are awed by the possibilities of the objects around them. When they engage in messy play, they get to touch things and feel its textures, see the object up close so details may be inspected. They even get to smell or in most cases, taste objects because it is in their nature to learn about things by putting it in their mouths. Science is at work when they notice changes in things, such as when a drop of paint blots on the paper when an object passes on it. They also get to notice tracks or prints of objects such as car wheels or rollers when these make impressions with paint on paper. They learn math when they see the colors and shapes of the toys they play with and get to feel the dimensions of shapes when they touch these with their hands. They would know that circles have no angles and that squares have 4 sides. When they are handed things like sponges or small rubber stamps for printing, they realize that these may serve as technology to leave imprints when dipped in paint. Allowed to explore paints and things during messy play gives them several learning opportunities about how things work in the world and what they can do with these things to cause an effect such as rolling a plastic care over paint and seeing the tracks they can make from it. Curious Tykes in the Sandbox Toddlers continue to enjoy sensorial play and they love playing with open-ended materials such as sand and water. They learn many scientific concepts with sand. Pouring various amounts of water on sand creates different textures and this dictates how firm the sand will mold into the

Essay on Mobile Revolution Essay Example for Free

Essay on Mobile Revolution Essay Mobiles are no more a luxury or a life style product. Mobile phones, which were one of the beautiful possessions of anybody not until a decade ago, have now become a necessity to the common man. The entry of private service providers with CTMA, GSM and of course, 3G technologies has changed the Communication sector in India beyond imagination. Many new competitors have entered the mobile market resulting in reduction of the STD rates and Local call rates. Plans are also on anvil to enable mobile users to switch over to other service providers without changing their number, also called Mobile Number Portability (MNP). The mobile users in India have increased tremendously during the last decade. Youth, both in rural and urban India, have welcomed and accepted mobiles with open hands. The decrease in call rates can be imagined from the fact that it cost around? 16 per minute when mobiles were introduced in India and today it costs as little as 1 paisa per 2 seconds offered by companies like MTS. Even the size of mobile phones has changed to an unimaginable level. They have become very handy today compared to their walkie-talkie resemblance when they were introduced. The immense benefit offered by a mobile has triggered this revolution. With a mobile phone in hand, one can be available round the clock, and can get the up-to-date information on anything. The availability of internet on mobile phones has increased its utility tremendously. It has made mobile phones, to an extent, an essential item for carrying out a business transaction. The facility of sending short messages or pictures enables a person to send the message across without actually bothering to disturb the other person. For traders, it helps them get the price details of any products without even bringing the products to the market. The introduction of mobile banking helps people carry their bank in their mobile. Some people even carry their office in their mobile phones. However, mobile phones also have some demerits as they can be used to detonate bombs. Some instruments which have cameras in them can be used for taking unnecessary photographs. Constant use of mobile phones may create health problems and increase risk of accidents on road. In spite of these demerits, mobile phones are becoming popular day-by-day as their advantages fairly outweigh the demerits. In fact, the mobile revolution has occurred very fast in India. This symbolizes the countrys transformation from an inward looking tentative nature to a confident and resurgent global economic power. The mobile phone service providers have also increased manifold during the years. Some of the important market players are: Aircel, Airtel, BSNL, MTNL, Idea Cellular, Tata Indicom, Tata DoCoMo, Reliance Communications, Virgin Mobile, Vodafone, Videocon Telecommunications, MTS India and Spice Telecom. Even in rural India, mobile phone has brought a tremendous change to rural telephony, marginalizing the middlemen and empowering women, strengthened by the formation of self-help groups. It has vastly improved access to information and helped in the explosive growth in connectivity. Even at sea, fishermen in Kerala use the mobiles to keep track of rates for their catch in the market. The improvement in infrastructure and support from the Government has acted as a catalyst for mobiles to make tremendous inroads into rural India. The role of mobile telephones are varied, in that, they help assess the market information, coordinate travel and transport, manage remote activities and increase the remunerative working days. As a result, the rural marketing scenario has also undergone a change. Today, the rural consumer is better informed and price conscious. The total mobile penetration is increasing at a quick pace with companies like Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Reliance Communications, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, Tata Teleservices, etc. aving unveiled big network expansion plans and innovative marketing strategies specially tailored region-wise. Some of these companies are using a door-to-door marketing strategy in villages and B and C category census towns. They are involving members of gram panchayats and trained market-feelers to make residents aware of the usefulness of mobile telephony and how the system of pre-paid refills work. Handset manufacturers too are gearing up with Nokia incorporating nine Indian languages on certain handsets to promote sales. Value-for- money handsets priced between 1,000 and 1,400 with a plethora of tariff plans to choose from is also one of the reasons for driving subscription growth in these regions. Handsets are being imported in bulk by some service providers. It is expected that voice short messaging service will become a focus area in future, especially in rural areas and service providers are already planning implementation of the same. The pace at which mobile revolution has occurred in India can be attributed to the easy to understand operations. For an illiterate, mobiles phones were so easy to operate that they needed to understand only two buttons the green button for answering a call and the red button for disconnecting a call. Everything else can be learnt with usage and passage of time. Even today, most of the mobiles are used on this two button principle, which makes it a popular device. Gone are the days when people use to queue up before a Public Call Office (PCO) and wait their turn for an hour, only to end up without connectivity. Mobile phones have also removed the necessity to remember telephone numbers of other people. In-built phone books in the instruments enable a person to call the other person, without ever having to remember the other persons number. Actually, mobile phones have become an all-in-one tool in the pocket, which has replaced even the old pocket diary. It is also slowly replacing purse, with the introduction of mobile transactions. No wonder, life without mobile phones have become unimaginable and unthinkable to many.

jacksonian man of parts :: essays research papers

The recent International Poe conference saw a number of panels and individual presentations dedicated to examining the author’s works in their social and historical contexts, suggesting that contemporary Poe criticism is moving in a cultural direction long overlooked by scholars and critics. With no less than two full panels devoted specifically to issues of race in Poe’s writing, and other papers addressing issues of cultural identity, gender politics, Poe’s relationship to American literary nationalism, and the author’s ties to both antebellum society and Jacksonian democracy, this conference provided overwhelming evidence of a current desire to emplace Poe more specifically within his cultural and historical milieu. In a broader sense, such attention to the historical and cultural dynamics of Poe’s writing suggests increased attention of late to Poe’s own Americanness. This critical trend toward assessing Poe as a distinctly American writ er has, of course, also informed such excellent recent works as Terence Whalen’s Edgar Allan Poe and the Masses (1999) and the essays collected by Shawn Rosenheim and Stephen Rachman in The American Face of Edgar Allan Poe (1995). This paper represents an attempt to further such inquiry into the American â€Å"face† of Poe by examining the ways in which Poe’s unfortunately neglected tale â€Å"The Man that Was Used Up† complicates the author’s position in relation to American racial and national politics. One of Poe’s most biting satirical pieces, this tale raises vexing questions regarding the connections between matters of race, masculinity, and national identity as these concepts were imagined and constructed in Jacksonian America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A minor tale in the canon of Poe’s short fiction, â€Å"The Man That Was Used Up† was first published in the August, 1839 issue of Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine and subsequently revised and published twice more in Poe’s lifetime, first in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840), and, finally, in the 9 August 1845 issue of the Broadway Journal. In this odd story, which chronicles the compromised stature of a military hero of the Indian Wars, Poe makes what would seem to be one of his most scathing, if indirect, commentaries on contemporary American politics. Specifically, the tale evokes the troubled relationship between the oppressive racial policies of the United States in the Age of Jackson and the burgeoning sense of national purpose and unity embodied in the figure of the robust, heroic, Jacksonian â€Å"self-made man.† Composed at a time when the United States was embroiled in the Second Seminole War (1835-42), am ong the longest and costliest of the Indian Wars, the story positions its central figure, Brevet Brigadier General John A.

Essay on national service program

The National Service Program proposal by the US congress once heard will immediately pose a lot of questions. But many of those questions have been answered by the different corps that has been providing utmost help to those who need. Through the National Service Program, public schools would be able to provide the education every child needs, the quality of life improved by providing easy and fast access to public health, providing food to the hungry, shelter to the homeless, environment conservation and protection, care giving to the elders and being there when a community experiences such devastating calamites and disasters like hurricanes, flooding and such terror activities. Most of the time, people would be willing to extend their service, but sometimes they just don’t know where or how (McCain, 2001).With the proposal, almost every single American would be able to show their patriotism to the country. A lot of opportunities to serve others are present, and still many ar e not doing a thing. By providing means on where one could serve, that way, he or she would be able to determine what service could be provided according to his or her knowledge, skills and abilities. Serving the country is not just about joining the army and being involved in wars over Iraq, Vietnam and Afghanistan. Fortunately, a lot of different corps is available depending on the mode of service they provide.The corp can be a group that can provide measures in making a community safe from any kind of crime and terrorists activities. The program also extends its help to countries in overseas by providing means in solving challenges for the development of a nation. Talents and skills are shared in this program for those who want to improve and further develop their capacities(Marshall, 2007). The service programs could be the key for students entering the college in choosing the career path they would be taking. A study has shown that students in high school that were engaged in a community service are more likely to finish college compared to those who have not joined such activity. Also, improvement in their reading skills, mathematics and science is evident(Roscow, 2007).Having a national service program instead of a voluntary or selective program will result into a lot of inevitable issues regarding freedom. Making or compelling the citizens to work for two years will greatly affect their lives. A family man working hard to raise his family would not have two years to serve others. He would of course be putting his family first before others. Or course the government cannot satisfy or at least provide the necessities that a family needs if their provider is gone and doing national service, would they?Two years of public service is too much, considering the fact that it would be full time. Another issue that would be raised is how the government would compel millions of citizens to do national service. Would there be laws that would prosecute a person if he or she did not perform the necessary tasks he or she is into? If so, would it not violate the rights and freedom of the general public? A lot of issues are needed to be considered before passing the proposal especially those ones that concerns the rights and freedom of every American citizen.The government alone cannot rely on the workforce is has. It needs more than it could have in providing services. As every American individual obtain the ever ending rights, entitlements and freedom, obligation to the nation lacks. And some don’t even know what really is their responsibility and obligation to their country. John Kennedy once told the country about not asking what a nation or a country do for them but it’s about doing something for the country (Healy, 2007). With the National Service Program, billion of hours of service could be provided in making a country far well-protected, stronger and a better place. It not only teaches patriotism but responsibility and comp assion as a whole. Not everyone could be called a hero like those that have saved lives or the war veterans in World War II, but by providing service to your fellow countrymen, you can be a their hero.Healy, A. L. Y. a. M. (2007). Citizenship means giving something back. THe Denver Post.Marshall, W. (2007). Ideas for national service that would benefit America. The Sacramento Bee.McCain, J. (2001). Putting the â€Å"National† in National Service [Electronic Version]. Washington Monthly. Retrieved July 1, 2007 from http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0110.mccain.html.Roscow, D. (2007). Academic Performance Enhanced By High School Civic Engagement. CIRCLE.

Foreshadowing In “The Lottery” Essay

Shirley Jackson depicts a special day, June 27, in the lives of the inhabitants of a small, apparently serene village. The use of foreshadowing is applied extensively to hint to the reader that despite the seemingly festive occasion, there is something morbid about the lottery that causes the people of the town to be uneasy. Jackson foreshadows the ironic conclusion with specific examples and both ominous and tense diction. The earliest indication of the peculiarity of the day’s lottery is the little boys had â€Å"already stuffed [their] pockets full of stones† (422). One knows that a lottery in modern societies definitely does not involve rocks, so the idea that the town’s lottery is much different than the ones known in today’s world is introduced. The fact that the men who begin to gather for the lottery stand â€Å"away from the pile of stones† shows that the stones are not a jovial part of the day’s events (422). These examples give the reader the idea that there is something important, yet shady about the pile of rocks. And although the men told jokes, â€Å"they smiled rather than laughed† (422). If the lottery was a carefree event, the men would have had no problem with laughing. The description of the actions of the group of men creates the impression that the lottery is a serious event which is not about laughing matters. During the lottery, after most of the men had chosen and drawn their scrap of paper, they sat â€Å"turning them over and over nervously† (425). If the lottery was being conducted to give out some sort of reward or prize, they would have seemed eager, not nervous. Jackson also describes the way Mr. Summers and Mr. Adams grin at each other as â€Å"nervously† (425). The repetition of the word nervous reinforces that the lottery is not one of fun and games. In addition, Mrs. Dunbar’s anticipation for Mr. Summers to â€Å"hurry† shows that the lottery is not the type of occasion the people enjoy participating in and would rather get over with quickly (425). Therefore it is obvious that the lottery would not have a pleasant outcome. Instead, the lottery must have some sort of negative outcome that is serious enough to make the entire town nervous. The most significant sign of the abnormal nature of the lottery is the introduction of the â€Å"black box† (422). In most people’s minds the color black is associated with death. When it is revealed that there are scraps of paper in the box, the reader is also exposed to what the box is used for: to hold the papers which the villagers will draw. In essence, the connotation of the color black creates the impression that when the villagers draw from the box, they are drawing for a chance at death. This example foreshadows exactly what will happen when the story concludes. Next Jackson describes the lottery as being a â€Å"ritual† that once involved a â€Å"chant† (423). The connotation of these words also supports the idea that the lottery revolves around death. When one thinks of a ritual, pictures of Ancient Aztec or Mayan sacrifices come to mind. And when one thinks of chanting, images of hooded figures preparing someone for a sacrifice surface. So through the use of ominous nouns and adjectives, Jackson is explicitly stating what is going to happen as a result of the lottery; a human sacrifice is going to take place. Although as the story progresses there is more and more of a feeling of doom, the reader does not become acutely aware of what takes place after the lottery until Mrs. Hutchinson cowers in a corner with the mob approaching her. If one analyzes the color of the box and its purpose, it is possible to predict the outcome of the lottery, but otherwise all other methods of foreshadowing provide the reader with a strong feeling that something disturbing is going to occur.

The Sobibor Revoltâ€Jewish Retaliation During Holocaust

The Sobibor Revolt- Jewish Retaliation During Holocaust Jews have often been accused of going to their deaths during the Holocaust like sheep to the slaughter, but this just wasnt true. Many resisted. However, the individual attacks and the individual escapes lacked the zest of defiance and craving for life that others, looking back in time, expect and want to see. Many now ask, why didnt the Jews just pick up guns and shoot? How could they let their families starve and die without fighting back? However, one must realize that resisting and revolting were just not this simple. If one prisoner were to pick up a gun and shoot, the SS would not just kill the shooter, but also randomly choose and kill twenty, thirty, even a hundred others in retaliation. Even if escaping from a camp were possible, where were the escapees to go? The roads were traveled by Nazis and the forests were filled with armed, anti-Semitic Poles. And during the winter, during the snow, where were they to live? And if they had been transported from the West to the East, they spoke Dutch or French - not Polish. How were they to survive in the countryside without knowing the language? Although the difficulties seemed insurmountable and success improbable, the Jews of the Sobibor Death Camp attempted a revolt. They made a plan and attacked their captors, but axes and knives were little match for the SSs machine guns. With all this against them, how and why did the prisoners of Sobibor come to the decision to revolt? Rumors During the summer and fall of 1943, the transports into Sobibor came less and less frequently. The Sobibor prisoners had always realized that they had been allowed to live only in order for them to work, to keep the death process running. However, with the slowing of the transports, many began to wonder whether the Nazis had actually succeeded in their goal to wipe out Jewry from Europe, to make it Judenrein. Rumors began to circulate- the camp was to be liquidated. Leon Feldhendler decided it was time to plan an escape. Though only in his thirties, Feldhendler was respected by his fellow inmates. Before coming to Sobibor, Feldhendler had been the head of the Judenrat in the Zolkiewka Ghetto. Having been at Sobibor for nearly a year, Feldhendler had witnessed several individual escapes. Unfortunately, all were followed by severe retaliation against the remaining prisoners. It was for this reason, that Feldhendler believed that an escape plan should include the escape of the entire camp population. In many ways, a mass escape was more easily said than done. How could you get six hundred prisoners out of a well-guarded, land mine-surrounded camp without having the SS discover your plan before it was enacted or without having the SS mow you down with their machine guns? A plan this complex was going to need someone with military and leadership experience. Someone who could not only plan such a feat but also inspire the prisoners to carry it out. Unfortunately, at the time, there was no one in Sobibor who fit both these descriptions. Sasha On September 23, 1943, a transport from Minsk rolled into Sobibor. Unlike most incoming transports, 80 men were selected for work. The SS were planning on building storage facilities in the now empty Lager IV, thus chose strong men from the transport rather than skilled workers. Among those chosen on that day was First Lieutenant Alexander Sasha Pechersky as well as a few of his men. Sasha was a Soviet prisoner of war. He had been sent to the front in October 1941 but had been captured near Viazma. After having been transferred to several camps, the Nazis, during a strip search, had discovered that Sasha was circumcised. Because he was Jewish, the Nazis sent him to Sobibor. Sasha made a big impression on the other prisoners of Sobibor. Three days after arriving at Sobibor, Sasha was out chopping wood with other prisoners. The prisoners, exhausted and hungry, were raising the heavy axes and then letting them fall on the tree stumps. SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Karl Frenzel was guarding the group and regularly punishing already exhausted prisoners with twenty-five lashes each. When Frenzel noticed that Sasha had stopped working during one of these whipping frenzies, he said to Sasha, Russian soldier, you dont like the way I punish this fool? I give you exactly five minutes to split this stump. If you make it, you get a pack of cigarettes. If you miss by as much as one second, you get twenty-five lashes.1 It seemed an impossible task. Yet Sasha attacked the stump [w]ith all my strength and genuine hatred.2 Sasha finished in four and a half minutes. Since Sasha had completed the task in the allotted time, Frenzel made good on his promise of a pack of cigarettes - a highly prized commodity in the camp. Sasha refused the pack, saying Thanks, I dont smoke.3 Sasha then went back to work. Frenzel was furious. Frenzel left for a few minutes and then returned with bread and margarine - a very tempting morsel for all who are really hungry. Frenzel handed the food to Sasha. Again, Sasha refused Frenzels offer, saying, Thank you, the rations we are getting satisfy me fully.4 Obviously a lie, Frenzel was even more furious. However, instead of whipping Sasha, Frenzel turned and abruptly left. This was a first in Sobibor - someone had had the courage to defy the SS and succeeded. News of this incident spread quickly throughout the camp. Sasha and Feldhendler Meet Two days after the wood cutting incident, Leon Feldhendler asked that Sasha and his friend Shlomo Leitman come that evening to the womens barracks to talk. Though both Sasha and Leitman went that night, Feldhendler never arrived. In the womens barracks, Sasha and Leitman were swamped with questions - about life outside the camp...about why the partisans had not attacked the camp and freed them. Sasha explained that the partisans have their tasks, and no one can do our work for us.  5 These words motivated the prisoners of Sobibor. Instead of waiting for others to liberate them, they were coming to the conclusion that they would have to liberate themselves. Feldhendler had now found someone who not only had the military background to plan a mass escape, but also someone who could inspire confidence in the prisoners. Now Feldhendler needed to convince Sasha that a plan of mass escape was needed. The two men met the following day, on September 29. Some of Sashas men were already thinking of escape- but for just a few people, not a mass escape. Feldhendler had to convince them that he and others in the camp could help the Soviet prisoners because they knew the camp. He also told the men of the retaliation that would occur against the whole camp if even just a few were to escape. Soon, they decided to work together and information between the two men passed via a middle man, Shlomo Leitman, so as not to draw attention to the two men. With the information about the routine of the camp, layout of the camp, and specific characteristics of the guards and SS, Sasha began to plan. The Plan Sasha knew that any plan would be far-fetched. Even though the prisoners outnumbered the guards, the guards had machine guns and could call for back-up. The first plan was to dig a tunnel. They started digging the tunnel in the beginning of October. Originating in the carpentry shop, the tunnel had to be dug under the perimeter fence and then under the minefields. On October 7, Sasha voiced his fears about this plan - the hours at night were not sufficient to allow the entire camp population to crawl through the tunnel and fights were likely to flare-up between prisoners waiting to crawl through. These problems were never encountered because the tunnel was ruined from heavy rains on October 8 and 9. Sasha began working on another plan. This time it was not just a mass escape, it was a revolt. Sasha asked that members of the Underground start preparing weapons in the prisoner workshops- they began to make both knives and hatchets. Although the Underground had already learned that the camp commandant, SS Haupsturmfà ¼hrer Franz Reichleitner and SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Hubert Gomerski had gone on vacation, on October 12 they saw SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Gustav Wagner leaving the camp with his suitcases. With Wagner gone, many felt the opportunity ripe for the revolt. As Toivi Blatt describes Wagner: Wagners departure gave us a tremendous morale boost. While cruel, he was also very intelligent. Always on the go, he could suddenly show up in the most unexpected places. Always suspicious and snooping, he was difficult to fool. Besides, his colossal stature and strength would make it very difficult for us to overcome him with our primitive weapons.6 On the nights of October 11 and 12, Sasha told the Underground the complete plans for the revolt. The Soviet prisoners of war were to be dispersed to different workshops around the camp. The SS would be individually lured to the various workshops either by appointments to pick up finished products they had ordered like boots or by individual items that attracted their greed like a newly arrived leather coat. The planning took into consideration the Germans brashness and power-hungry mistreatment of the seemingly subdued Jews, their consistent and systematic daily routine, their unfaltering punctuality, and their greed.7 Each SS man would be killed in the workshops. It was important that the SS did not cry out when being killed nor any of the guards alerted that something unusual was happening in the camps. Then, all the prisoners would report as usual to the roll call square and then walk out together through the front gate. It was hoped that once the SS had been eliminated, the Ukrainian guards, who had a small supply of ammunition, would acquiesce to the revolting prisoners. The phone lines were to be cut early in the revolt so that the escapees would have several hours of fleeing time under the cover of darkness before back-up could be notified. Significant to the plan was that only a very small group of the prisoners even knew of the revolt. It was to be a surprise to the general camp population at roll call. It was decided that the following day, October 13, would be the day of revolt. We knew our fate. We knew that we were in an extermination camp and death was our destiny. We knew that even a sudden end to the war might spare the inmates of the normal  concentration camps, but never us. Only desperate actions could shorten our suffering and maybe afford us a chance of escape. And the will to resist had grown and ripened. We had no dreams of liberation; we hoped merely to destroy the camp and to die from bullets rather than from gas. We would not make it easy for the Germans.8 October 13 The day had finally arrived. Tension was high. In the morning, a group of SS arrived from the nearby Ossowa labor camp. The arrival of these additional SS not only increased the man power of the SS in the camp but could preclude the regular SS men from making their appointments in the workshops. Since the additional SS were still in the camp during lunchtime, the revolt was postponed. It was rescheduled for the following day - October 14. As the prisoners went to bed, many were afraid of what was to come. Esther Grinbaum, a very sentimental and intelligent young woman, wiped away her tears and said: Its not yet the time for an uprising. Tomorrow none of us will be alive. Everything will remain as it was - the barracks, the sun will rise and set, the flowers will bloom and wilt, but we will be no more. Her closest friend, Helka Lubartowska, a beautiful dark-eyed brunette, tried to encourage her: There is no other way. Nobody knows what the results will be, but one thing is sure, we will not be led to slaughter.9 October 14 The day had come. Excitement among the prisoners was so high that no matter what happened, the revolt could not be postponed, for the SS were sure to notice the change in mood in the prisoners. The few weapons that had been made were already handed out to those doing the killing. In the morning, they all had to try to look and act normal while waiting for the afternoon to come. NoonAll battle team commanders (the prisoners who were to actively participate in the revolt were broken up into battle teams of two to three persons each) had each individually met with Sasha for final instructions.Frenzel entered the carpentry shop and noticed one prisoner was wearing especially nice clothing. The inmate was wearing nice clothes in preparation for the revolt. Many other prisoners were wearing extra clothes as well as carrying extra food and valuables. Frenzel asked the prisoner if he was going to a wedding. 102:00 p.m.Something unusual happened. SS Unterscharfà ¼hrer Walter Ryba, armed with a submachine gun, came into Lager I and took four prisoners away with him. SS didnt usually carry such heavy weapons. Could he know about the planned revolt?3:00 to 4:00 p.m.Sasha found out that SS Ryba was only carrying the submachine gun because a Ukrainian guard had not also accompanied the prisoners.Many of the battle teams take their positions.My assignment was to liquidat e Scharfà ¼hrer Greischutz, who was in charge of the Ukrainian guard. I was happy for the opportunity given to me to kill a German. We had prepared axes, which we had sharpened in the smithy. We took up our position an hour earlier. At four oclock we were sitting in the rooms and waited.11 4:00 to 5:00 p.m.The killings began. (Though there are discrepancies in the accounts as to which SS officer was killed at what location, the following is a summary of the SS deaths.)Vorlager: Leon Feldhendler was stationed here to help orchestrate the revolt in this section of the camp.Unterscharfà ¼hrer Josef Wulf: Wulf was the first SS man killed during the revolt. Once he entered the storeroom, one prisoner offered him a coat and another helped him into it. While he was putting on the coat, two other prisoners hit him on the head with axes. Wulfs dead body was then hidden among piles of clothes and the blood was cleaned up.Steubel: Steubel was also lured into the storeroom and killed.Scharfà ¼hrer Vallaster: Killed during revolt; circumstances of death not known.Scharfà ¼hrer Kurt Beckman: While the attempt to lure Beckman to the storeroom for a new leather coat started successfully, on his way he abruptly turned around and went to his office. A little later, three prisoners we nt to Beckmans office where they surprised him and stabbed him with daggers. Since they did not have time to hide his body or clean up the blood, they left the body behind the desk.Unterscharfà ¼hrer Walter Ryba: Not part of the planned killings, Ryba entered the SS garage and was killed by a prisoner working there. Sasha worried that Rybas body, which was very close to the SS and Ukrainian living quarters, would be discovered.Lager I: Sasha Pechersky was stationed here to orchestrate the revolt in this section of the camp.Untersturmfà ¼hrer Josef Niemann: The acting commander of the camp rode up to the tailor shop on his chestnut horse, dismounted, and went inside. As he was being fitted for a new uniform, prisoners hit him on the back of the head with an  axe. His body was then dragged to the back room and his horse taken back to the stables.Oberscharfà ¼hrer  Goettinger: Head of Lager III, Goettinger was asked to try on a new pair of boots in the shoemakers shop. While tal king to the shoemaker, Goettingers head was smashed with an  axe.Scharfà ¼hrer Siegfried Greischutz: Head of the Ukrainian guard, Greischutz was killed once inside the Ukrainian tailor shop.Klat: Klat, a Ukrainian guard, entered the tailors shop looking for his boss, Greischutz (who had just been killed there). The tailors maneuvered Klat so that his back was to the back room. He was then attacked and killed.Scharfà ¼hrer Friedrich Gaulstich: Gaulstich was killed in the carpentry workshop. After 5:00 p.m.The prisoners had gathered as usual in the roll call area. At 5:10 p.m. - twenty minutes early for roll call - the roll call whistle was blown according to Sashas signal. Though Sasha was surprised at how well the plan had gone thus far, he realized that there could not be an orderly march through the front gate. Sasha stood up and addressed the assembled prisoners, saying something similar to Our day has come. Most of the Germans are dead. Lets die with honor. Remember, if anyone survives, he must tell the world what has happened here.12A Ukrainian guard discovered the body of Scharfà ¼hrer Beckman behind his desk and ran outside where SS men hear him yell, A German is dead! This alerted the rest of the camp to the revolt.The prisoners at the roll call square yell, Hurrah! Then it was every man and woman for themselves.Prisoners were running to the fences. Some were trying to cut them, others just climbed over. Yet, in most places, the minefield was still fully in pl ace.Suddenly we heard shots. In the beginning only a few shots, and then it turned into heavy shooting, including machine-gun fire. We heard shouting, and I could see a group of prisoners running with axes, knives, scissors, cutting the fences and crossing them. Mines started to explode. Riot and confusion prevailed, everything was thundering around. The doors of the workshop were opened, and everyone rushed through. . . . We ran out of the workshop. All around were the bodies of the killed and wounded. Near the armory were some of our boys with weapons. Some of them were exchanging fire with the Ukrainians, others were running toward the gate or through the fences. My coat caught on the fence. I took off the coat, freed myself and ran further behind the fences into the minefield. A mine exploded nearby, and I could see a body being lifted into the air and then falling down. I did not recognize who it was.13As the remaining SS were alerted to the revolt, they grabbed machine guns an d began shooting into the mass of people. The guards in the towers were also firing into the crowd.The prisoners were running through the minefield, over an open area, and then into the forest. It is estimated that about half the prisoners (approximately 300) made it to the forests. The Forest Once in the forests, the escapees tried to quickly find relatives and friends. Though they started off in large groups of prisoners, they eventually broke into smaller and smaller groups in order to be able to find food and to hide. Sasha had been leading one large group of about 50 prisoners. On October 17, the group stopped. Sasha chose several men, which included all the rifles of the group except one, and passed around a hat to collect money from the group to buy food. He told the group that he and the others he had chosen were going to do some reconnaissance. The others protested, but Sasha promised hed come back. He never did. After waiting for a long time, the group realized that Sasha was not going to come back, thus they split into smaller groups and headed off in different directions. After the war, Sasha explained his leaving by saying that it would have been impossible to hide and feed such a large group. But no matter how  truthful  this statement, the remaining members of the group felt bitter and betrayed by Sasha. Within four days of the escape, 100 of the 300 escapees were caught. The remaining 200 continued to flee and hide. Most were shot by local Poles or by partisans. Only 50 to 70 survived the war. Though this number is small, it is still much larger than if the prisoners had not revolted, for surely, the entire camp population would have been liquidated by the Nazis. Notes 1. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Yitzhak Arad,  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps  (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987) 307.2. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.3. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.4. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.5. Ibid 308.6. Thomas Toivi Blatt,  From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival  (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997) 144.7. Ibid 141.8. Ibid 139.9. Arad,  Belzec  321.10. Ibid 324.11. Yehuda Lerner as quoted in Ibid 327.12. Richard Rashke,  Escape From Sobibor  (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995) 229.13. Ada Lichtman as quoted in Arad,  Belzec  331. 14. Ibid 364. Bibliography Arad, Yitzhak.  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps.  Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987. Blatt, Thomas Toivi.  From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997. Novitch, Miriam.  Sobibor: Martyrdom and Revolt. New York: Holocaust Library, 1980. Rashke, Richard.  Escape From Sobibor. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995.